飓风营救
What Is Hurricane Storm Surge, and Why Can It Be So Catastrophic?_我的网站
A | 牦牛进入五彩池
封面新闻记者 王祥龙 图据网友
8月25日，有游客发布了一段“牦牛跑进黄龙五彩池”的视频，引发网友关注。
By Anthony C. Didlake Jr.
Of all the hazards that hurricanes bring, storm surge is the greatest threat to life and property along the coast. It can sweep homes off their foundations, flood riverside communities miles inland, and break up dunes and levees that normally protect coastal areas against storms.
As a hurricane reaches the coast, it pushes a huge volume of ocean water ashore. This is what we call storm surge.
This surge appears as a gradual rise in the water level as the storm approaches. Depending on the size and track of the hurricane, storm surge flooding can last for several hours. It then recedes after the storm passes.
Water level heights during a hurricane can reach 20 feet or more above normal sea level. With powerful waves on top of it, a hurricane’s storm surge can cause catastrophic damage.
What determines how high storm surge gets?
Storm surge begins over the open ocean. The strong winds of a hurricane push the ocean waters around and cause water to pile up under the storm. The low air pressure of the storm also plays a small role in lifting the water level. The height and extent of this pile of water depend on the strength and size of the hurricane.
As this pile of water moves toward the coast, other factors can change its height and extent.
If a coastal area has a sea floor that gently slopes away from the coastline, it’s more likely to see a higher storm surge than an area with a steeper drop-off. Gentle slopes along the Louisiana and Texas coasts have contributed to some devastating storm surges. Hurricane Katrina’s surge in 2005 broke levees and flooded New Orleans. Hurricane Ike’s 15- to 17-foot storm surge and waves swept hundreds of homes off Texas’ Bolivar Peninsula in 2008. Both were large, powerful storms that hit in vulnerable locations.
The shape of the coastline can also shape the surge. When storm surge enters a bay or river, the geography of the land can act as a funnel, sending the water even higher.
Other factors that shape storm surge
Ocean tides – caused by the gravity of the moon and sun – can also strengthen or weaken the impact of storm surge. So, it’s important to know the timing of the local tides compared to the hurricane landfall.
At high tide, the water is already at an elevated height. If landfall happens at high tide, the storm surge will cause even higher water levels and bring more water further inland. The Carolinas saw those effects when Hurricane Isaias hit at close to high tide on Aug. 3, 2020. Isaias brought a storm surge of about 4 feet at Myrtle Beach, South Carolina, but the water level was more than 10 feet above normal.
How storm surge and high tide add up to coastal flooding.(The COMET Program/UCAR and National Weather Service)
Sea level rise is another growing concern that influences storm surge.
As water warms, it expands, and that has slowly raised sea level over the past century as global temperatures have risen. Freshwater from melting of ice sheets and glaciers also adds to sea level rise. Together, they elevate the background ocean height. When a hurricane arrives, the higher ocean means storm surge can bring water further inland, to a more dangerous and widespread effect.
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B | 视频中，4头牦牛在景区工作人员的引导下，最后离开了五彩池。
C | 网友发布的视频中，还可以听到附近多名游客的声音。 8月26日，封面新闻记者联系到黄龙风景名胜区管理局。该局相关负责人告诉记者，事发8月25日下午3时许，有4头牦牛进入了五彩池。当时担心引起混乱，景区工作人员立即对牦牛群进行了引离，10几分钟就将牦牛离去了。 “出现这个情况以后，我们请了两位地质专家对钙化破坏进行了评估。牦牛进入五彩池后引起了局部水体的浑浊，对藻类有一定的影响，但一周之内就可以恢复。”该负责人说，牦牛对钙化整体有轻微的影响，应该是经过钙化的自然沉积，在几个月内就能完成修复。 该负责人表示，对于牦牛进入五彩池一事，景区正在对牦牛主人进行核查。目前发现的情况是有人为破环景区围栏，景区已经向派出所报案，相关案件也正在调查之中。返回，查看更多。
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Published on:02:05:20
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